Online Travel Industry And Online Travel Agency Tourism Essay

Online Travel Industry And Online Travel Agency Tourism Essay In Europe, consumers typically have at least 4 weeks of vacation time annually compared to just 1 or 2 weeks for the average American; that spells multiple trips booked every year. It should come as no surprise then that online travel growth rates remain far higher overseas And then theres Asia. Fifteen years ago, few consumers in India and China could afford to travel outside their home nations. But thanks to a rising middle-class consumer, Asians are increasingly traveling both domestically and abroad. In fact, according to the China Daily newspaper, international travel has grown more than 50-fold in the past two decades. Rapid growth in the online travel business has helped fuel impressive sales gains for a handful of online travel companies. But thats only half the story online travel websites are also far more profitable than traditional offline travel agency operations. The reason is simple: scalability. Specifically, when a traditional travel agency wishes to expand, it has to hire more agents. Meanwhile, expanding abroad requires setting up a local office with agents speaking the local language, and that type of infrastructure can get expensive. But in the online world, once a website is designed and set up, it can handle a tremendous number of users. Growth in sales does not necessarily require commensurate growth in the labor force a handful of website designers and technicians can maintain the site regardless of the number of customers served. This scalability is behind the fat profit margins enjoyed by online travel firms. Travel and tourism are among the biggest industries worldwide, and more than 80 percent of the travel sold in the United States is now purchased online. With more consumers using the Internet to plan their vacation getaways, online travel agencies have been growing in popularity, helping to increase business in the travel industry overall. Aside from booking travel packages, many travelers go online in search of travel reviews before making a final decision about their choices. Reports show that more travelers who have traditionally booked trips offline are checking out vacation destinations, as well as travel and hotel rates, online. India Context The Indian Scenario The online travel market in India has witnessed tremendous growth and is attracting large number of national and international players. Private equity players have made huge investments in the online travel agency (OTA) segment in the past few years. Some facts : Total tickets available for sale (Only Domestic) per day are : 275,680 Total Ticket Sold by all OTAs per day =   51,690 Market size for Indian OTA Industry in Domestic Flights:   9000 crores   approximately Nearly 40% of the tickets sold are through OTA. On an average, every aircraft in India does 5.6 flights per day If airlines could further manage route optimization and do 1 more flight per day, at 6.6 flights per day, OTA Industry Sales will be up by 15% The first online portal for India was Indiatimes.com launched in the year 2002. Subsequently the following companies joined the bandwagon. Indiatimes 2002 Make my Trip.com 2005 Yatra.com 2006 Travel Guru 2006 In the pages that follow we will research on one of the most successful company in India in this Industry which is Make my trip.com. About the company and the respective concepts, impact, future Nurtured from the seed of a single great idea to empower the traveller MakeMyTrip went on to pioneer the entire online travel industry in India. MakeMyTrip has revolutionised the travel industry over the years. This is the story of MakeMyTrip, Indias Online Travel Leader. MakeMyTrip.com, Indias leading online travel company was founded in the year 2000 by Deep Kalra. Created to empower the Indian traveller with instant booking and comprehensive choices, the company began its journey in the US-India travel market. It aimed to offer a range of best-value products and services along with cutting-edge technology and dedicated round-the-clock customer support. After consolidating its position in the market as a brand recognised for its reliability and transparency, MakeMyTrip followed its success in the US by launching its India operations in 2005. With the foresight to seize the opportunities in the domestic travel market, brought on by a slew of new airlines, MakeMyTrip offered travellers the convenience of online travel bookings at rock-bottom prices. Rapidly, MakeMyTrip became the preferred choice of millions of travellers who were delighted to be empowered by a few mouse clicks! MakeMyTrips rise has been lead by the vision and the spirit of each one of its employees, for whom no idea was too big and no problem too difficult. With untiring innovation and determination, MakeMyTrip proactively began to diversify its product offering, adding a variety of online and offline products and services. MakeMyTrip also stayed ahead of the curve by continually evolving its technology to meet the ever changing demands of the rapidly developing global travel market. Steadily establishing itself across India and the world, MakeMyTrip simultaneously nurtured the growth of its offline businesses like its franchises and affiliates simultaneously, augmenting the brands already strong retail presence further. Today, MakeMyTrip is much more than just a travel portal or a famous pioneering brand it is a one-stop-travel-shop that offers the broadest selection of travel products and services in India. MakeMyTrip is the undisputed online leader, with its share of the travel market extending to more than 50% of all online sales, a fact evinced by the trust placed in it by millions of happy customers. Remaining reliable, efficient and at the forefront of technology, MakeMyTrips commitment and customer-centricity allows it to better understand and provide for its customers diverse needs and wants, and deliver consistently. With dedicated 247 customer support and offices in 20 cities across India and 2 international offices in New York and San Francisco (in addition to several franchise locations), MakeMyTrip is there for you, whenever and wherever. MakeMyTrip Limited, the parent company of MakeMyTrip (India) Private Limited and MakeMyTrip.com Inc., Indias largest online travel company1, today announced that it has priced its initial public offering of 5,000,000 ordinary shares at a price of USD14per share. The companys ordinary shares will begin trading on the NASDAQ Global Market on 12 Aug 2010 under the symbol MMYT. The companys services and products include air tickets, customized holiday packages, hotel booking, railway tickets, bus tickets, car hire and facilitating access to travel insurance. Through its primary website, www.makemytrip.com, and other technology-enhanced platforms, the company provides access to all major domestic full-service and low-cost airlines operating in India, all major airlines operating to and from India, over 4,000 hotels in India and a wide selection of hotels outside India, Indian Railways and several major Indian bus operator Makemytrip.coms three-month global Alexa traffic rank is 1,823. Visitors to the site spend roughly 51 seconds on each pageview and a total of three minutes on the site during each visit. It is located in India. Approximately 43% of visits to the site are bounces (one pageview only). Makemytrip.com has been online for more than ten years. MakeMyTrips Products: International and Domestic Air Tickets, Holiday Packages and Hotels Domestic Bus and Rail Tickets Private Car and Taxi Rentals MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences Exhibitions) B2B and Affiliate Services Management: A young company that has quickly become the leading travel service provider in India and the most trusted name in the industry, MakeMyTrips spectacular success is in no small part due to the unblinking vision of its senior management team and the dedication of its employees. MakeMyTrip employs over 700 Trippers from the travel, tourism, hospitality and technology industries. Deep KalraFounder Chief Executive Officer Mohit GuptaChief Marketing Officer Rajnish KapurChief Innovation Officer Mukesh SinghSenior Vice President Technology Development Anand KandadaiSenior Vice President Outbound Tours Keyur JoshiCo-Founder Chief Operating Officer Rajesh MagowCo-Founder Chief Financial Officer Amit SomaniChief Products Officer Amit SaberwalSenior Vice President Retail and Business Development Rohit HasteerVice President Human Resources Summary Name Age Since Current Position Kalra, Deep 41 Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer Magow, Rajesh 41 Group Chief Financial Officer Singh, Mukesh 34 2009 Senior Vice President Technology Department Joshi, Keyur 37 Group Chief Operating Officer Gupta, Mohit 36 Group Chief Marketing Officer Somani, Amit 38 2010 Group Chief Products Officer Adusumalli, Ravi 34 2005 Director Aggarwal, Sanjeev 50 2006 Director Guleri, Aditya 45 2007 Director Wolf, Philip 54 2005 Director Gowrea, Gyaneshwarnath 44 2009 Director Janally, Mohammad 27 2009 Director Gour, Vivek 47 2010 Independent Director Lalonde, Frederic 37 2006 Independent Director MakeMyTrip Values We, at MakeMyTrip, abide by our companys core values in our every endeavour. It is these values that have taken us where we have been and will take us where we are going! Excellence: We must strive for excellence in whatever we do. Focus on continuous improvement in interactions with people, efficiency of processes, and the wellbeing of the organization. Customer Centricity: We must maintain focus on our customers, both internal external, by giving them priority. Strive to exceed their expectations in terms of the value and quality delivered. Integrity: We must ensure consistency between our words and actions, always delivering what we commit. We can thereby maintain transparency, trust and accountability. Accountability: We must feel responsible and accountable for the commitments we make and the quality of the results we deliver to all our stakeholders. Innovation: We must continually apply intelligence, reason and technology to our work and environment. This will allow us to take informed risks and champion new ideas to improve our business as well as the community. Teamwork:  We must foster an environment wherein we can efficiently utilise the abilities of all team members to achieve goals. We should work on the premise that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. [emailprotected]: We must create and maintain an atmosphere of fun while at work, making work a happy place we can all look forward to. Empowerment:  We must give fellow colleagues the opportunity and freedom to think and act in ways that will allow them to get the job done, and yet be consistent with the processes laid down. Passion for Winning: We must have a can do attitude, not take no for an answer and believe that nothing is impossible. This will allow us to work relentlessly toward achieving our goals and honouring our commitments. Respect for People: We must give everyone, with whom we interact, respect and consideration. Awards Recognition Not without reason, MakeMyTrip has garnered the trust of over two million satisfied customers as well as the respect and acclaim of the entire travel industry and business world. Travel Business : Great Places To Work 2010 2nd Best Company to Work for #1 in Professional Services Superbrand India 2009-10 Great Places To Work 2009 #2 in Professional Services Best Travel Website CNBC Awaaz 2008-09 Most Visited Travel Website comScore 2005-09 Most Preferred Online Travel Agency Travel Biz Monitor Survey 2008 Number One Online Travel Agency JuxtConsult 2008 Gold and Silver Abby Award 2007-08 Among the Top Ten Websites visited by Indians comScore 2007 Nominated World Travel Awards WTA 2007 Among 100 IT Innovators NASSCOM 2007 Best Online Travel Company Galileo Express Travel World 2007 Emerging India Award ICICI Bank CNBC TV18 2006 Asias Hottest Technology Startup Red Herring 2006 Airline : Air Canada Outstanding Performance 2008 Singapore Airlines Top Passenger Agent 2007-08 British Airways Outstanding Revenue Contribution 2007-08 Air Mauritius All India Top Ten Agent//Top North India Sales Award 2006-07//2007-08 Cathay Pacific Outstanding Performance 2007 Malaysia Airlines Top Agent Award 2007 Lufthansa Outstanding Performance 2006-07 Kingfisher Airlines Outstanding Performance 2006-07 Indian Airlines Achieving Highest Domestic Passenger Sales 2006-07 Air India Outstanding Contribution to Passenger Sales 2005-06 Jet Airways Award of Excellence 2005-06 Gulf Air Continuous Support Impact There was a time when Indian families would plan their annual trip six months in advance, after spending long, sweaty hours queuing up in front of ticket booths. It sure wasnt easy. But in 2005, Deep Kalra, CEO and founder of MakeMyTrip.com, changed all that. He brought the concept of Online Travel Agents (OTA) to India and revolutionized the way the Indian middle class travels and plans their vacation. Today, the rise of Internet credibility coupled with falling rates of air travel has helped OTAs catapult to glorious success. And with a turnover of Rs 2,200 crore, MakeMyTrip.com has been a pioneer in the OTA success story. With over 50 percent market share, its the single most recognized and trusted player in the OTA industry. Future FUTURE : Focus on Advertising Strategy: Aim of MMT is to establish the brand. The focus is not just to provide cheap tickets. Advertising helps in getting your message across to the target audience more effectively. And with more and more players entering the segment, it is necessary to advertise to ensure you have captured sufficient mind-share. Again, the product basket that MMT offer is growing and our customers have to be updated accordingly. Expansion of Capacity : MMT is trying to expand capacity with caution, especially because the sector is capex hungry for the suppliers. We, at MakeMyTrip, have learnt that our suppliers are very important. Unless we make sure our suppliers business is profitable, we wont be profitable. Revenue breakup between MMT businesses: Between hotel and air, air captures a much higher percentage two-thirds of MMT business. But other product lines are growing fast, especially hotels and buses. The effort is to reduce reliance on a single line of business. While MMT lead the sector in terms of air tickets, MMT are continuously focusing on non-air products to increase their share of revenue as well. competing players Travelguru: A revolutionary online travel solutions destination, Travel Guru India has set the benchmark in the industry. With our affordable plane tickets and air tickets reservations, our travel gurus offer the most economical solution for every travel need. The travel guru mantra is based on the concept of making air tickets reservations an easy and quick process for every traveller. With the help of travel gurus, travellers can access the best fares for Travel Guru India and Travel Guru international holidays, business trips and corporate travel. The Travel Guru signature services guarantee a trip of a lifetime to any destination in India or across the globe! A trendsetter in the travel industry travel guru com offers the benefits of safe, comfortable and convenient travel at affordable fares. At travel guru com travellers can book affordable plane tickets and make domestic and international air tickets reservations. The travel gurus can also assist you with selecting a luxurious hotel to complement the travel guru air booking service. Just log on to travel guru com to book affordable plane tickets and hotel rooms for worldwide destinations. Get all the benefits of the travel guru services with just the click of a mouse! With Travel Guru India and Travel Guru international have a range of unmatched services at your fingertips. The Travel Guru services include: Air ticket Booking: Travellers can search for, compare prices and book affordable plane tickets for their chosen sectors of travel at the website. You have a comprehensive choice of airlines for low-cost, affordable plane tickets as well as for full-service airlines. Once youve made your selection just click for any air tickets reservations. Leave the rest to the travel gurus and get set to take off into the skies. Hotel Reservations: While on holiday come home to a luxurious hotel, at affordable rates. Travel Guru offers include domestic and international hotels at discounted rates with no compromise on quality, services and comfort. Take your pick from the wide selection of premium hotels that include Travel Guru India and Travel Guru International options and get your Travel Guru booking in an instant! Yatra:- Yatra Holiday Lounge is a premium, one-stop-shop for all your travel needs. Located at a convenient point within your city, the Yatra Lounge is where customers can walk in and plan their travel in privacy and comfort. When you visit a Lounge, a trained Yatra Travel Experts assists you with all aspects of your travel: booking flight tickets, hotels, cars, buses or holidays. We can even assist you with travel insurance and visa processing. The Yatra Travel Experts can also help you create customized holiday packages. The Holiday Lounges are open from 10:00 am to 7:00 pm, Monday to Saturday. Cleartrip:- MyTripYatra is dedicated to help customers to build their clear trip and cruise along with their Yatra to nirvana. As our name suggests Yatra we extend our services to provide facility for convenience of our clients to choose gamut of services like cheap air tickets on air Deccan, jet airways, Indian airlines, spice jet airlines, and air India. My Trip Yatra is a unique concept of taking offers from various online travel agents like makemytrip.com, cleartrip.com, yatra.com, travelguru.com to their customers. There are online discounts with cheap flights and hotels across the globe. Here you are free to see cheap fares, discount on airlines, offers on hotel bookings, holidays, at affordable prices for your yatra. For Cheap Air travel trip or planning Goa holidays, or looking a hotel in Goa, our way of make my trip endows you the chance to make your own cleartrip. We will add cheap hotels across the country and keep on adding different destinations like cheap flights from Delhi to Mumb ai, cheap flights from Mumbai to Delhi starting from 500 Indian Rupees.Coimbtaore FlightsAizawl FlightsColombo flights In order to spread wings of My Trip Yatra, we have affiliated ourselves with Yatra.com, one of the leading travel agents of India. Yatra.com provides cheap flights of Air Deccan, Indigo airlines, Spicejet airlines, Jet airways, Kingfisher airlines, paramount airways, go air, jetlite airline (formerly known as air Sahara airlines). Yatra.com provides unique features of At Yatra, we pay for your flights delay offers, thank you coupon code worth RS 250 if you book again with Yatra.com, various cash back offers with ICICI bank, Master Card, etc. Yatra.com also provides Yatra miles a proprietary product to redeem those miles against discount on cheap flights, cheap hotels, holidays and other packages such as Honeymoon packages, adventure packages. Yatra.com has been funded by Network 18 group that operates online websites like Moneycontrol.com, storeguru.com, buzz18.com, josh18.com, ibnlive.com, indiwo.com etc. It has also been funded by Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani group. We are proud to be an affiliate of Yatra online Pvt. Ltd. Yatra online has given us platform to promote their products online. Yatra online makes seamless transaction of products like flights, hotels, holidays, Buses, and cars. Yatra online thru its website Yatra.com makes a perfect partner to any online travel agent. Cleartrip is premier travel company of India that offers exclusive facility to travelers in planning of your trip. You can plan your holiday or business trips with Cleartrip and you will get many advantages over other travel planners. Cleartrip provides many benefits to travelers such as expediency, various options for booking, great competitive prices and in-depth details of many travel options, destinations and support. You can book flights, hotels, train tickets, complete holiday packages, travel insurance and much more from Cleartrip. Cleartrip provides booking facility for over 5,500 domestic hotels and around 109,000 international hotels. Clear Trip was launched on 4 July, 2006 and within a span of 4 years it has established itself as a premier travel planner company. Cleartrip start providing SMS based ticketing service that allows you to book tickets using mobile phones. From 2008, clear trip also started providing rail tickets in India with cooperation with IRCTC (Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation). Clear Trip has won many awards for its great services. It was given best travel website award in 2006 and 2007 consecutively. Clear trip is known as Google of Travel Websites as it provides tons of useful information about travel sector. In 2007 it also won the prize of most user friendly website of travel sector. Since its inception in 2006, Cleartrip has become a market leader in travel sector for providing simplest and most diverse travel planning options and best deals. You can get higher discounts on flight tickets if you choose Clear trip as your travel planner. Getting travel and tourism information had never been so easy before Cleartrip. You can find every specific detail about all cities in India along with travel options available, hotel available in that city, flight services, car rental services and main tourist attractions in that city. Online flight ticket booking is very easy with Clear trip services. You can just feed the departure and arrival destinations and timings and its internal search engine will provide you a detailed list of all flights available for your journey. You can easily compare flights of different service providers such as Jet Airways, GoAir, kingfisher, Air India and many more. If you are booking your tickets well in advance then you can also get many Cleartrip offers that will help you to save huge money on your travel. Cleartrip started its operation with a goal of making journey planning easier and hassle free and with its state of the art services it has surely achieved its goal and continue to growing with a fast pace. use the company balance sheet 3 years for the references and figures figures could be sales volume, business volume, market penetration, product mix, pricing of the product over the years v/s competition Customer Profile end users who are they- customer opinion In a cut-throat industry like OTA, how do you maintain competitive advantage? Deep Kalra, Founder CEO: Creating an experience for the customer is very important. Every OTA player today is focusing on providing more value for the customers time and money. The focus this year for MakeMyTrip is to move beyond customer satisfaction and towards creating customer delight. Also, we take pride in our customer relations; we have customer testimonials that speak very highly of our customer care executives. Being ahead on the technology curve is what gives us an edge. Its very important to keep on upgrading and reinventing new processes to enhance customer experience. Whats behind your advertising strategy? Deep Kalra, Founder CEO: Its very important to establish the brand. For us, the focus is not just to provide cheap tickets. Advertising helps in getting your message across to the target audience more effectively. And with more and more players entering the segment, it is necessary to advertise to ensure you have captured sufficient mind-share. Again, the product basket that we offer is growing and our customers have to be updated accordingly. Whats the revenue breakup between your businesses? Deep Kalra, Founder CEO: Between hotel and air, air captures a much higher percentage two-thirds of our business. But other product lines are growing fast, especially hotels and buses. The effort is to reduce reliance on a single line of business. While we lead the sector in terms of air tickets, we are continuously focusing on non-air products to increase their share of revenue as well. Criticism Some customers complain about Makemytrip not giving the complete terms of ticket (baggage allowed, flexibility to change date of travel or cancel the ticket) before booking the ticket. Some complain about false promises before booking the ticket. They warn potential customers to get the terms of the ticket in writing or email before going ahead with the phone booking. Refunds to credit cards are sometimes delayed. It is believed that calls to customer care in case of booked tickets is low priority in call queues compared to calls to buy tickets. There is undue delay in getting service in case of getting help on already booked ticket. The escalation process in case of complaints is not published on their website. Estimated waiting period or the position in the call queue is not announced. Other customers have warned that the websites Believe It Or Not promotion is indeed too good to be true. While MakeMyTrip promises you free domestic air travel once youve arrived in Inda, all such ai r travel must be booked 21 days in advance of the trip. And even if you attempt to arrange it that far in advance,  Make My Trip  makes this process very difficult, if not impossible. You will be booked on overnight flights, trips that should take three hours will wind up taking two days, and in some cases you will wind up paying taxes and fees that exceed the actual cost of the ticket, had you booked it yourself.   Customer Opinion As per various feeback posted on the website following is the broad feeback given : The call centre agents are well trained and they know their job Phone / Voice Menu is customer friendly Quick Customer responses where required on email

Perseverence Is the Key to Success

It is an apt saying that â€Å"fire is the test of gold and adversity, of man†. The key to success in any field is the perseverance of a human being. Success is like a ladder where the person steeping in to it has to undergo a lot of hard work to reach at the top. There would be many pitfalls and obstructions but the fruit will be surely sweet. Hence, one must not run away from perseverance rather should adopt in such a way that you are able to overcome your difficulties with it.Success in life doesn't come easily and there are many failures and hurdles for a person to clear before its achievement. The one undying quality every successful man in this world has is the quality of perseverance. It is this quality which makes even the seemingly impossible become possible. The dictionary meaning of perseverance is â€Å"Persisting in or remaining constant to a purpose, idea or task in spite of obstacles. † It is necessary to be wise while being perseverant about something. O ne should be clear about his/her priorities in life before choosing to persevere.At times you might not want to quit simply because you are perseverant by nature but it can be negative in some cases as you might be persisting on something which you actually don't want and sticking with it is simply hurting you. A person who is always hesitant, doubtful and backing over all issues in life will not be able to achieve anything substantial during the course of his/her life. It is the quality of wise perseverance that separates the average person from a genius. It is often observed and noted that genius often stems from an average dream but outstanding perseverance.Great things have come only to those who have persevered against the odds and dared to go beyond the established boundaries of his/her society. A desire can only take a real form when hard work to obtain it is persevered against all odds. There are some decisions in life when a person has to take a strong decision in order to overcome odd situations and circumstances. For this, one has to be mentally fit so that he or she is able to make sound decisions. Mental intelligence is of little importance when it comes to taking the biggest decisions arise.It is often seen that the mostly intelligent of people don't have the fortitude to take a bold decision and are often seen on the margins of a great achievement. The true power comes from persistence towards a fruitful goal. The ability to turn stumbling blocks into stepping stones makes the world respect you and push you towards the success you aspire for. Motivation plays a vital role in the constant persistence of a goal. If you are not motivated to achieve something, you are most likely to drop its pursuit half-way.It is essential to be passionate about the aim that you have set for yourself and constantly renew your motivation for it. The biggest success stories are of those who have endured all hardships and refused to give up the goal which in all sense s was wise to pursue. A positive mindset is an incomparable asset. The positive thinking and outlook is necessary for the success and development of an individual. Moreover, it helps you to overcome negative feelings and evils surrounding you and your work. If you feel that nothing can stop you from success and it will come to you eventually with hard work, it actually will.The world can never stop a determined man from getting his worth when he sets his mind to it. The ability to persevere stems from a great mind and makes the world recognize its greatness in due course of time. A man with perseverance can be easily distinguished from the group of people. Such a person has a different and unique personality which can impress the people surrounding him or her. You must have perseverance as a part of your personality if you wish to be known as a successful individual. A man of perseverance is certainly going to do well in his or her life if principle of perseverance

Graduation: Black People and Negro National Anthem Essay

Graduation is one of the most memorable moments in a lifetime. Maya Angelou’s graduation was an exciting moment, yet it was a very hurtful experience because of racism/segregation. This badly affects Angelou at her graduation. The overall point in Graduation is racism and segregation. Her choice of words is very powerful and emotional: It was awful to be a Negro. It was brutal to be young ad already trained to sit quietly and listen to charges brought against my color with no chance of defense. We should all be dead. I thought I should like to see us all dead, one on top of the other. A pyramid of flesh with white folks on the bottom as the broad base, then the Indians with their silly tomahawks and teepees and wigwams and treaties, the Negros with their mops and recipes and cotton sacks and spiritual sticking out of their mouths. The Dutch children should all stumble in their wooden shoes and break their necks. The French should choke to death on the Louisiana Purchase (1803) white silkworms ate all the Chinese with their stupid pigtails. As a species, we were an abomination. All of us. (110) This explains her emotions about racism, and how horrible it is. She closes it off by saying we are all the same species, and no one is different. This proves she believes racism is wrong. Because of segregation, the white schools are totally different from the black schools. Angelou defines the overall point by comparing the white schools to the black schools:†Unlike the white high school, Lafayette County Training School distinguished itself from having neither lawn, nor hedges, nor tennis court, nor climbing ivy† (103). This reveals what kind of luxuries the white schools had and how unfair the education system was. When Donleavy, a white man comes to speak at the graduation he focuses on the improvements coming to the schools. The white schools had new academics and classroom equipment and the black schools had new tool boxes and athletic equipment. The writer refers to her anger as if African Americans could not achieve anything academic or intellectual. Donleavy is also a racist, â€Å"The white kids were going to have a chance to become Galileos and Madame Curies and Edisons and Gauguins, and our boys would try to be Jesse Owenses and Joe Louises† (109). Angelou dramatizes an experience involving segregation and racism. At the graduation, the graduates expect certain things to happen, The National Anthem, the Pledge of Allegiance and the â€Å"Negro National Anthem†: â€Å"The song every black person knew called the Negro National Anthem. All done in the same key, with the passion and most often standing on the same foot† (108). This proves there is segregation in this time period because they sing their own song, which makes them feel separate from the nation. In the beginning of the ceremony, Angelou was thrilled to graduate. Once Donleavy speaks, the African Americans lose hope, â€Å"The man’s dead words fell like bricks around the auditorium and too many settled in my belly† (110). Donleavy is unconscious about the effect on his words: Graduation, the hush-hush magic time of frills and gifts and congratulations and diplomas, was finished for me before my name was called. The accomplishment was nothing. The meticulous maps, drawn in three colors of ink, learning and spelling decasyllabic words, memorizing the whole of The Rape of Lucrece- it was for nothing. Donleavy had exposed us. (110) After Donleavy’s speech the writer understands the words to the â€Å"Negro National Anthem† for the first time, because of how badly he put down the African Americans. To get the overall point, Angelou leads the readers as if they were sitting alongside her at her graduation. She describes the black community, and the graduating class. Angelou starts out the essay by describing the community in Stamps: â€Å"The children in Stamps trembled visibly with anticipation. Some adults were excited too, but to be certain the whole young population had come down with graduation epidemic† (103). She also describes the teachers, â€Å"Even the teachers were respectful to the now quiet and aging seniors, and tended to speak to them, if not as equals, as beings only slightly lower than themselves† (103). She uses effective similes to make the story come to life, â€Å"But the graduating classes themselves were nobility. Like travelers with exotic destinations on their minds, the graduates were remarkably forgetful† (103). This makes the readers understand the graduates’ excitement, and how they were forgetful of the aspect of life, like to bring their books to school. As travelers with exotic destinations, the graduates have their whole future ahead of them, full of exotic experiences. She also uses another simile to describe herself on her graduation day: â€Å"I was going to be lovely. A walking model of all the various styles of fine hand sewing and it didn’t worry me that I was only twelve years old and merely graduating from eight grade† (105). She was so happy and filled with joy because of the accomplishments she had made, in which she felt beautiful like a model.

4 Reasons Why Trees Drop Nuts Early

Sometimes nut-bearing trees, such as hickory, walnut, and pecan, drop their fruit before full maturity. At times, it can be a natural shedding of a portion of the nut crop. Other causes can be more problematic, including adverse weather conditions, poor tree health, inadequate  pollination, insects, and disease. How Nut Trees Set Fruit Most nut-bearing trees have male pollinators and female flowers, both called catkins. Female flowers produce nuts during the current seasons growth and have to survive through that years growth before the crop of nuts is set. Not all flowers on a tree will produce a nut each year; in fact, they may alternate years.   There can be several natural nut drops between mid-Mays pollination through the end of Augusts fruit set, and they can be minimized by proper tree fertilization. For example, if a tree wasnt adequately pollinated or didnt have enough potassium to set good fruit, there will be nuts that may be malformed with few seeds inside (fruits on the tree grow but embryos inside dont develop). The tree will drop this fruit early because its not biologically sufficient for the trees reproduction. The tree will concentrate its energy on growing fruits that are going to set good seeds. A Trees Physical Condition Poor tree health can cause premature dropping of nuts. A trees health is often compromised because of inadequate nutrient uptake, which is most evident during drought. Insect and disease infestations increase during these times of tree stress and can further degrade a trees condition, especially if trees are growing in poor soil. Any early defoliation will cause nut drop and low-quality fruit. Water and fertilize your tree adequately to make sure it has the proper nutrients to set and grow its fruits. Weather Influence on a Trees Nut Crop Excessive rain or frost during late spring/early summer pollination will cause inadequate pollination of female flowers. Those poorly-pollinated flowers may produce a nut that will drop early or produce no nut at all. Sometimes, male pollen can mature either before or after the female flower is receptive, and this condition is usually weather-related. An extended drought during nut growth may also result in the dropping of tree nuts, particularly if the plant is in sandy soil that dries out quickly. Thats a resource competition drop, or a so-called June drop, as the tree is concentrating its energy on the number of nuts it can support.   Mechanical injury to leaves, flowers, and nuts from hail and wind may cause premature dropping as well. Insects and Diseases of Nut Trees Early pecan scab infection of young nuts will cause nuts to drop and is a major cause of pecan crop failure. Black walnut is highly vulnerable to anthracnose, and the disease is of much concern in commercial orchards. Leaf diseases in nut trees such as scab, scorch, mildew, blotch, brown spot, and downy or vein spot may also cause nut shedding. The pecan nut casebearer probably causes more nut shedding than all other insects combined in pecan orchards. Codling moth causes significant premature nut drop in black walnut groves. Other insects, such as black aphids, walnut caterpillar, shuckworms, stink bugs, and pecan weevils may cause early nut dropping. Avoid using pesticides during flowering, as chemicals can kill beneficial insects and result in inadequate pollination.